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Why Was The Gets Function Removed In C++14?

Why Was The Gets Function Removed In C++14

Modern C++ has a lot of useful functions coming from C. One of them was the gets() function that we use to get string inputs and that we were able to use in C++11 or earlier. In C++14, the gets function was removed, while fgets or other input functions remain there. If you have older C++ code that uses the gets() functions your C++14 version compiler will not compile it. Why was the gets function removed? In this post, we explain what the gets function is, why the std::gets function was removed by the C++14 standards, and how can we use similar functions or alternatives to the gets() function.

What was the gets() function considered dangerous in C++?

In C++11 and before, we were able to use the gets function. The std::gets function was first defined in the C language and was available in C++11 and earlier. The gets function reads inputs into a given char string. When a char string has a newline character, it is considered the end of input, and an end-of-file condition occurs. The return value is captured on success, or a null pointer on failure.

The syntax below is deprecated in C++11 and removed in C++14.

Here is an example of a dangerous gets function,

Why was the std::gets function removed In C++14?

According to C++14 document N4140 (Page 1237), the “use of gets is considered dangerous“, because the std::gets function does not check the bounds of a char array. This makes gets extremely vulnerable to buffer-overflow attacks. In other words, the std::gets function cannot be used safely. The std::gets() function was deprecated in C++11 and removed completely in C++14. If you REALLY need to use it in your apps, then there are some alternatives – for example you can use std::fgets().

If we use gets(), it is impossible to tell without knowing the data in advance how many characters will be read, and because std:: gets() will continue to store characters past the end of the buffer, it is extremely ‘dangerous’ to use. 

Here is the definition from C++14 (Document Number: N4140, Page 1237).

They added a note to [c.files] saying that the C function gets() is not part of C++ and they removed gets from tables 134 and 153. We should note that there are some compilers that still support the gets() function. The gets function may be only used if the program runs in an environment that restricts inputs from stdin.

Are there any alternatives to the std::gets function in modern C++?

First of all, never use std::gets() function, use std::fgets() instead or other input methods of modern C++. There is no way to check the size of input before we store data to that variable. If you have older C++ code that uses the gets function and you want to modernize it, you can use std::fgets() as shown below.

If you still need more alternatives gets_s function can be used. The gets_s function reads at most one less than the number of characters specified by n from the stream pointed to by stdin, into the array pointed to by input. POSIX 2008 provides a safe alternative to gets() called getline(), which can be used in C++ applications. 

Of course in modern console applications use the std::string and the std::cin can be used to get string inputs. In C++ Builder, VCL or FMX apps, use UnicodeString and TEdit components to get strings.

For more information about the removal of gets() function, please see this, https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1420.htm

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About author

Dr. Yilmaz Yoru has 35+ years of coding with more than 30+ programming languages, mostly C++ on Windows, Android, Mac-OS, iOS, Linux, and some other operating systems. He graduated and received his MSc and PhD degrees from the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Eskisehir Osmangazi University. He is the founder and CEO of ESENJA LLC Company. His interests are Programming, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Artificial Intelligence, 2D & 3D Designs, and high-end innovations.
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